The Relationship between Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Thyroid Function, and Sleep Patterns among Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
نویسندگان
1 Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
2 Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
3 Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
4 Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
5 Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
6 Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
7 Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
8 National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
9 Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
10 Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
11 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
doi
10.48309/jmcs.2026.542876.2862چکیده
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a widespread neurodevelopmental disorder that affects many children globally, typically leading to issues with attention, behavior, and sleep. Thyroid hormones and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are two examples of hormones that may be crucial for brain development and sleep regulation. The study intends to test IGF-1 and thyroid hormones in children with ADHD compared to normal, apparently healthy controls, to assess sleep habits in both investigated groups, and to investigate the relationship between observed laboratory parameters and sleep habit disruptions. Thyroid hormones and IGF-1 were measured in 100 children chosen randomly from the Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Clinic, consisting of 50 children who met the criteria for ADHD compared to 50 typically developing children. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), was used to assess the sleep habit disturbances in both studied groups. A significant decrease in IGF-1(ng/ml) and TSH with increase in T3 and T4, was observed in children with ADHD compared to the control group. Additionally, sleep disturbances were observed in 72% of children with ADHD compared to 26% in controls. Children with disturbed sleep showed significantly lower IGF-1 and TSH levels, alongside elevated free T3 and free T4, compared to those with normal sleep patterns. Furthermore, low IQ, low IGF-1, and high free T3 were statistically significant predictors of ADHD. Children with ADHD had significantly lower serum IGF-1 and TSH levels compared to controls. They also exhibited more sleep disturbances, which were associated with these hormonal changes.
