The Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated (FTO), and Vitamin D Genes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Systematic Review
نویسندگان
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
6 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
8 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
9 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
doi
10.48309/jmcs.2026.226417چکیده
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition that affects 8-13% of the female population of reproductive age. Elevated androgen levels, polycystic ovaries, and ovulatory dysfunction are prevalent in this population, manifesting as irregular menstrual periods, hirsutism, and infertility. Moreover, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are correlated with PCOS. Diagnosis relies on clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), guided by the developing criteria from The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Rotterdam Consensus. The PCOS etiology is intricate, encompassing genetic predispositions and environmental influences like obesity. Research has revealed genetic loci linked to PCOS, including changes in genes such as FSH, LH, FTO, and the vitamin D receptor, indicating a significant genetic component in the disease's etiology. Moreover, metabolic abnormalities, especially hyperinsulinemia and modified LH secretion, significantly contribute to the clinical signs of the illness. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of genetics in PCOS
