Factors Associated with Detectable Viral Load in Adult HIV Patients Receiving ARV Therapy at Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital
نویسندگان
1 Division of Tropical Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana/Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
2 Division of Tropical Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana/Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
3 Division of Tropical Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana/Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
4 Internal Medicine Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana/Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
5 Division of Tropical Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana/Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
6 Division of Tropical Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana/Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
7 Division of Tropical Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana/Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
doi
10.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2025.5.2چکیده
Antiretroviral therapy (ARV) is still the first line management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients. Undetectable viral load (VL) indicates successful viral suppression with the global HIV control target of 95% of people receiving ARV achieving viral suppression by 2030. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with detectable VL, to make better approach for preventing treatment failure as well as to achieve the global HIV control target in 2030. We conducted a cross sectional study at the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Polyclinic of Prof. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar from January to March 2024, by including HIV patients who met the eligibility criteria. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive, Chi-square, and logistic regression test and presented in the form of adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-value (p <0.05 considered significant). A total of 1,118 patients were included in this study through total sampling approach, there were 96 patients (8.59%) with detected VL. The majority of patients were aged 18-50 years, with a higher proportion of male patients (61.63%). Most patients were in stage I (64.94%), with baseline of cluster of differentiation-4 (CD4) <200 cells/mm3 found in 19.14% of patients. Around 49.46% of patients used efavirenz-based regimen, where 74.78% of patients never changed ARV regimen. The level of treatment compliance was reported to be quite good (71.02%). 82.47% of patients had a history of opportunistic infections (OIs). Several factors were found to be significantly associated with detectable VL, including age >50 years, protease inhibitor-based regimen, treatment compliance, history of using other medicine, and history of OI. This study shows that the detectable VL in adult HIV patients is associated with both host-related and treatment-related. Several limitations are still noted in this study, including the cross-sectional study design, the difference between the cut-off for detectable VL used, and the treatment compliance data that tends to be bias. Besides the limitations, this study offers valuable insight on ARV treatment to achieve better viral suppression.
