Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) Oncogenesis: Molecular Aspects of Virus and Host Interactions in Pathogenesis of Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL)
نویسندگان
1 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Inflammation and Inflammatory diseases research Centre, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
4 Immunology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
5 Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
6 Inflammation and Inflammatory diseases research Centre, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
7 Internal Medicine Dept, Medical School, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak- Iran
doi
10.22038/ijbms.2013.730چکیده
The study of tumor viruses paves the way for understanding the mechanisms of virus pathogenesis, including those involved in establishing infection and dissemination in the host tumor affecting immune-compromised patients. The processes ranging from viral infection to progressing malignancy are slow and usually insufficient for establishment of transformed cells that develop cancer in only a minority of infected subjects. Therefore, viral infection is usually not the only cause of cancer, and further environmental and host factors, may be implicated. HTLV-I, in particular, is considered as an oncovirus cause of lymphoproliferative disease such as adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and disturbs the immune responses which results in HTLV-I associated meylopathy/tropical spastic parapresis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-I infection causes ATL in a small proportion of infected subjects (2-5%) following a prolonged incubation period (15-30 years) despite a strong adaptive immune response against the virus. Overall, these conditions offer a prospect to study the molecular basis of tumorgenicity in mammalian cells. In this review, the oncogencity of HTLV-I is being considered as an oncovirus in context of ATL.
