فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

This paper offers a comparative analysis of Ruzbihan Baqli (1128-1209), a notable Muslim mystic, and Walter Terence Stace (1886-1967), a philosopher of mysticism. The study aims to illuminate the nuanced interpretations of these concepts by both scholars and provide insights into the nature and paradoxical expressions of mysticism. We begin with a summary of Stace's theories on mystical paradoxes, followed by an analysis of the extent to which Baqli's expressions conform to these frameworks. The results suggest that Baqli's interpretation of Shatahiyat is a sophisticated exploration of mystical contradictions, employing strategies to justify these paradoxes. Many of Baqli's views align with Stace's theories, including concepts like double location, ambiguity, emotional intensity, spiritual blindness and metaphor, but diverge on misdescription and rhetorical paradox. By questioning established beliefs, Baqli clarifies several mystical paradoxes, using rational arguments and referencing the experiences of respected figures. Both scholars agree that the metaphysical realm in mystical experiences often transcends ordinary understanding, leading to contradictions in descriptions. In contrast to Stace's view of ecstatic experiences as transient and ineffective in mystical discourse, Baqli posits a more enduring role for such statesFinally, Baqli enriches the discourse by rationalizing many paradoxes and criticizing some meaningless expressions