Green Chemistry-Driven Development of Topical Vitamin D3 Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: In Silico Lipid Selection and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation
نویسندگان
1 Doctoral Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, Kediri, Indonesia
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
4 Doctoral Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
5 Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, Kediri, Indonesia
6 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
7 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
doi
10.48309/ajgc.2026.563373.1879چکیده
Vitamin D3 exhibits promising anti-inflammatory activity; however, its topical application is limited by poor aqueous solubility and low dermal bioavailability. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are biocompatible lipid-based systems that enhance cutaneous delivery. This study optimized the lipid composition of Vitamin D3-loaded NLCs using an integrated green chemistry approach that combined in silico screening and experimental validation. Molecular docking and physicochemical compatibility prediction identified monostearin and Miglyol 812 as optimal lipid candidates. NLCs were then prepared at different solid–liquid lipid ratios (F1: 7:3, F2: 8:2, F3: 9:1) using an environmentally benign, organic-solvent-free high-shear homogenization process and were stabilized with a low concentration (3%) of non-ionic, low-toxicity surfactants (Tween 60 and PEG 400). In vitro release was assessed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. In vivo evaluation confirmed that formulation F1 produced the greatest reduction in paw edema (3.94% at 6 h), approaching the activity of the positive control and markedly outperforming the negative control. Overall, the combined in silico–experimental strategy improved the performance of vitamin D3-loaded NLCs while reducing material use and supporting environmentally benign formulation development.
