A Comprehensive Review of Heavy Metal Contamination and Sustainable Nanomaterials in Environmental and Economic Considerations
نویسندگان
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
2 Department of ECE, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bengaluru-562157, India
3 Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Panjab, India
4 Center for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
5 Department of Civil Engineering, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women (Autonomous), Bhimavaram, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
7 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
8 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GRIET, Hyderabad, Telangana, 50090, India
9 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rathinam Technical Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
doi
10.48309/jcr.2026.539008.1490چکیده
Human-made processes were causing severe heavy metal contamination at surface waters that creates more health hazards in industrial development. Nanomaterials have good qualities because they have more specific surface areas and organic properties and comply with ecologically friendly production orders. In this paper, the heavy metal remediation was studied through the examination of bio- based nanostructures and hybrid nanomaterials. The paper has discussed metal efficiency in terms of de-decomposing the removal mechanisms that involving plant extracts, microbial pathways and also life cycle assessment, the economic needs necessary to sustain long term operations. Recent advances in smart nanomaterials based on bio-hybrid systems and multi-functional nanocomposites have defined the new trends that shape the materials sector. The paper is a review article that considers the potential of sustainable nanomaterials in the remedial process of heavy metals to devise the optimal methods of synthesis and precondition sustainable industrial utilisation of the synthetic materials in the cleaning of the environment.
