Nanoceria-Reinforced Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin Impregnated Paper Laminates: Development, Enhanced Properties, and Antibacterial Performance
نویسندگان
1 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Department of Materials Science and Process Engineering, BOKU University, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria
3 Wood K plus − Competence Centre for Wood Composites and Wood Chemistry, BOKU University, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria
4 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
5 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
6 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
7 Department of Materials Science and Process Engineering, BOKU University, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria
8 Wood K plus − Competence Centre for Wood Composites and Wood Chemistry, BOKU University, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria
9 Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Modern Technologies, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
10 Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Modern Technologies, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
doi
10.5829/ije.2026.39.11b.15چکیده
Melamine formaldehyde resin (MFR) is one of the most common thermosetting resins for coating applications. However, its further industrial application has been limited by its high hardness, brittleness, and poor impact strength. Industrial innovation and academic research projects have shown great attention to nanotechnology-based resin-bonded composites. Herein, for the first time, a novel MFR-coated paper laminate composite was designed by dispersing cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) in the MFR coating. In this study, nanoceria was added to MFR composites at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1% by weight. The impact of different concentrations of nanoceria on the physical and mechanical resistance of MFR-coated paper laminate samples were meticulously examined. Experiment results showed that increasing the amount of nanoceria particles in MFR composites leads to notable improvements in transparency, abrasion resistance, hardness, and thermal performance. Nanoceria are renowned for their antibacterial effects, which result from the conversion of Ce3+ to Ce4+. Experimental results demonstrated that nanoceria exhibits high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli on MFR-coated paper laminate. These findings highlight the potential of nanoceria-incorporated MFR coatings as a promising solution for antibacterial and high-performance laminated paper applications in the wood and furniture industry.
