Eco-Friendly Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives: A Review of Sustainable Methods
نویسندگان
1 Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, 54770, Lahore, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
2 Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, 54770, Lahore, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
3 Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, 54770, Lahore, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
4 Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, 54770, Lahore, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
5 Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, 54770, Lahore, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
doi
10.22036/org.chem.2025.534641.1401چکیده
Triazoles belong to a significant class of nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds which are commonly called pyrrodiazole having molecular formula C2H3N3. Among the two isomers 1,2,3-triazoles and 1, 2, 4-triazoles, later are contemplated to be important because of their diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Their unique structural features make them valuable in pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. This review highlights the recent advancement in synthesis of triazoles and their derivatives by adopting eco-friendly approaches including catalyst-free reactions, microwave-assisted synthesis, and the use of environmentally benign solvents. These green methods offer advantages over traditional synthetic routes, such as reduced by-products, fuel-efficiency, and underrated environmental consequence. The review intends to provide a rundown of the status quo of sustainable synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles and to motivate further research within specific field.
