Antioxidant Potential of Ailanthus excelsa Leaves: Ultrasonic Extraction, Phytochemical Screening, and Comparative Analysis of Metal Solution-Mediated Extracts
نویسندگان
1 Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Karad, Maharashtra 415539, India
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Osmanpura, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar 431005, Maharashtra India
3 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
4 Pravara Rural Education Society's Institute of Pharmacy, Loni, Maharashtra 413713, India
5 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
6 School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500088, India
7 School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500088, India
8 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar Rd, Hyderabad Telangana-500088, India
doi
10.48309/jaoc.2026.546192.1332چکیده
Oxidative stress is a major contributor to chronic and degenerative diseases, prompting interest in plant-derived antioxidants as safe alternatives to synthetic agents. Ailanthus excelsa, a medicinal plant rich in bioactive phytoconstituents, has not been extensively explored for its antioxidant activity in metal-assisted systems. This study evaluated the antioxidant potential of A. excelsa leaves through ultrasonic extraction, phytochemical screening, and comparative analysis of metal solution–mediated extracts. The hydroalcoholic extract yielded 11.34%, with pharmacognostic parameters showing alcohol-soluble extractive value of 19.2%, water-soluble extractive value of 13.8%, and total ash content of 6.8%, all within pharmacopeial limits. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and glycosides. UV–Vis spectra revealed characteristic absorbance bands at 225, 272, and 325 nm for the pure extract, while metal complexes exhibited bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts, indicating strong interactions with Ag+, Cu²+, Fe²+, Al³+, and Zn²+ ions. In vitro DPPH assay demonstrated that the extract alone showed 55.05 ± 0.98% radical inhibition, whereas metal-assisted extracts displayed enhanced activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Among these, 2% Cu²+–extract (73.64 ± 0.88%) and 2% Fe²+–extract (71.66 ± 0.95%) exhibited the highest scavenging activity, followed by Ag+ and Al³+ complexes, while Zn²+ showed minimal enhancement. Statistical analysis confirmed significant improvement of most complexes compared to the extract (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). These findings suggest that copper- and iron-mediated A. excelsa extracts possess superior antioxidant potential, supporting their future development as natural antioxidant formulations.
