فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Cryopreservation (CP) can negatively impact sperm quality, but recent studies have shown promising results usingnanoparticles (NPs) as cryoprotectants. This review examines the potential of various NP types, including metallic,magnetic, polymeric, and lipid-based, in improving post-thaw sperm characteristics across different species, notonly humans. The unique surface properties of NPs and their ability to inhibit ice formation are believed to mitigatefreezing and thawing damage. A comprehensive literature review of over 40 recent studies revealed that multiple NPtypes, such as curcumin, cerium oxide, gold, silver, zinc oxide (ZnO), and soy lecithin, demonstrated cryoprotectiveproperties. These NPs generally enhanced post-thaw sperm quality metrics, including motility, viability, chromatinintegrity, mitochondrial activity, acrosome reaction, and antioxidant status. Proposed mechanisms of action includereducing freezing damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. However, some studies also revealed potential toxicity withlong-term exposure. While NPs offer a promising platform for optimizing sperm CP protocols in assisted reproductivetechnology (ART) and reproductive management, further research is needed. Key areas for investigation includestandardizing methodologies, understanding biological interactions, reducing cytotoxicity, and extending preservationstrategies to diverse species. The development of cost-effective formulations applicable to all human ejaculates, alongwith a thorough investigation of bio-interactions, toxicity, and reproductive impacts, is crucial for advancing thisfield. Rational NP design and comprehensive assessments could lead to safer and more effective fertility preservationtechniques, but optimization is still required to realize the potential of NPs in sperm CP fully.