Combination of Vitamin D Plus Probiotic Affects Hormonal, and Inflammatory Markers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial
نویسندگان
1 Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
2 Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
3 Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
4 Science Department, Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran
5 Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
6 Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
7 Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
doi
10.22074/ijfs.2025.2035740.1734چکیده
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and probiotic supplements on anti-Mullerianhormone (AMH), glycemic control, inflammatory markers, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) success in women withpolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 120 womenaged 30-45 years, diagnosed with PCOS and undergoing IVF. Participants were divided into four groups (30 each):daily 4,000 IU vitamin D, probiotic (1.8×109 CFU/capsule), a combination of both, or placebo for 8 weeks.Results: After 8 weeks, the combination group showed significant reductions in insulin levels (-0.33 ± 0.37 vs.-0.14 ± 0.29, -0.11 ± 0.04, -0.02 ± 0.36 μIU/mL, P=0.020), insulin resistance (-0.07 ± 0.09 vs. -0.03 ± 0.07, -0.03± 0.09, -0.07 ± 0.09, P=0.024), and increased insulin sensitivity (+0.001 ± 0.001 vs. +0.0006 ± 0.001, +0.0005± 0.002, +0.00004 ± 0.001, P=0.034) compared to other groups. The combination also led to a significant reductionin high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels (-0.18 ± 0.22 vs. -0.07 ± 0.17, -0.08 ± 0.15, +0.04 ±0.18, P=0.001). No significant changes were observed in plasma total nitrite, fasting glucose, and AMH levels.There was a notable decrease in TNF-α gene activity (P=0.007) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)in the combination group.Conclusion: The combined supplementation of vitamin D and probiotics over 8 weeks improved insulin function, hs-CRPlevels, and TNF-α gene expression in women with PCOS undergoing IVF. However, it did not significantly impact plasmatotal nitrite, fasting glucose, or AMH levels (registration number: IRCT20130211012438N34).
