فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Proteins are vital biomolecules required for diverse physiological processes. The isolation of pure, functional proteins is a critical step for applications ranging from drug development to structural analysis. While traditional purification methods form the foundation of the field, their limitations in scalability, resolution, and efficiency drive the need for innovation. This review provides a detailed analysis of the protein purification techniques. It covers conventional techniques such as precipitation, Ion-Exchange Chromatography (IEC), Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), and Affinity Chromatography, and delves into advanced technological advancements. These include High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), biocompatible extraction systems such as Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction (ATPE), high-throughput platforms like the Multi-Column Plate Adapter (MCPA), and highly selective approaches such as advanced electrophoretic techniques and Magnetic Separation. While these advanced methods offer high selectivity, mild processing conditions, and scalability, continued research is necessary to optimize their performance, enhance protein yield, and improve overall purity.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT