Characterization of Liquid Smoke Made from Cocoa Pod Husk and Corn Cobs Mixture by Slow Pyrolysis
نویسندگان
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
2 Department of Social Economics of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
3 Department of Natural Sciences, Asy-Syathiby School, Gowa, Indonesia
4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
5 Department of Chemistry, Universitas Syekh Yusuf Al Makassari, Gowa, Indonesia
6 Department of Indonesia Languages, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
doi
10.48309/ajca.2026.565886.2001چکیده
This study investigated the pyrolysis of mixed cocoa pod husk (CPH) and corn cob (CC) biomass and the chemical characteristics of the resulting liquid smoke. Three biomass mixtures from different geographic origins were evaluated. The biomass mixtures investigated were: (i) cocoa pod husk from Luwu combined with corn cob from Jeneponto (Mixture A); (ii) cocoa pod husk from Wajo combined with corn cob from Gowa (Mixture B); and (iii) cocoa pod husk from Sidrap combined with corn cob from Takalar (Mixture C). Pyrolysis at 228 °C produced the highest liquid yields for Mixture A (39.93%), Mixture B (40.07%), and Mixture C (39.94%). GC–MS analysis revealed that the liquid smoke consisted mainly of organic acids, phenolic compounds, and carbonyl compounds, along with smaller amounts of furans, alcohols, pyridines, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Distinct variations in chemical composition were observed among the liquid smoke samples derived from the different biomass mixtures. These results demonstrate that mixed CPH and CC biomass can be effectively converted via pyrolysis into chemically rich liquid smoke, indicating strong potential for biomass waste valorization.
