Optimization of Antioxidant Extraction from Moringa oleifera Leaves Using an Integrated OFAT and RSM–CCD Approach
نویسندگان
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
2 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Syedza Saintika University, Padang, Indonesia
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
6 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
doi
10.48309/ajca.2026.566928.2007چکیده
Moringa oleifera leaves are a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid antioxidants; yet, optimisation of conventional water-based extraction is rarely modeled comprehensively. This study integrates one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) screening with response surface methodology–central composite design (RSM-CCD) to determine optimal conditions for maximizing antioxidant yield, quantified using the DPPH assay (mg AAE/g FW). The quadratic model was highly significant (F = 41.88; p < 0.0001) with strong predictive accuracy (R² = 0.9742; adj-R² = 0.9509). The sample-to-solvent ratio was the most influential variable (F = 287.85; p < 0.0001), followed by temperature (F = 58.76; p < 0.0001), whereas extraction time showed no significant effect. Significant quadratic terms (A², B²) and the AC interaction revealed curvature-driven extraction behavior. Optimal conditions 80 °C, 10 min, and 1:25 g/mL, yielded 9.49 mg AAE/g FW. This integrated OFAT–RSM approach provides novel mechanistic insight and a validated, scalable framework for efficient antioxidant extraction.
