An Image Analysis-Assisted Paper-Based Colorimetric Aptasensor for Simple and Rapid Malathion Detection
نویسندگان
1 Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2 Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3 Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4 Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
5 Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
6 Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia) (NDUM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
7 Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
8 Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
9 Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
10 Centre for Tropicalisation, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
11 Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
12 Centre for Tropicalisation, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
13 Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia) (NDUM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
doi
10.48309/ajca.2026.563604.1990چکیده
Paper-based colorimetric sensors have been widely applied as cost-effective tools for on-site pesticide detection. The availability of inexpensive imaging technologies, such as smartphones, has enhanced the efficiency of detection methodologies. This work describes the development of an image analysis-assisted paper-based colorimetric aptasensor for malathion (MLT) detection. The sensing paper was fabricated by immobilizing a mixture of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (cit-AuNPs) and thiolated DNA aptamer (Apt) onto Whatman filter paper. After a 3-minute reaction, the paper exhibited a visible color change in the presence of MLT due to cit-AuNP aggregation. Smartphone images of the sensing paper, captured before and after MLT addition, were processed using ImageJ software to obtain red, green, and blue (RGB) values, with the response expressed as ΔRGB. The aptasensor achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.67 μM with a linear range of 100–1,000 μM. This paper-based colorimetric aptasensor provides a simple and rapid method for on-site MLT detection.
