Production of Granular Porous Carbon Sorbent by Co-Thermolysis of Agricultural and Technogenic Waste
نویسندگان
1 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
2 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
3 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
4 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
5 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
6 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
7 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
8 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
9 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
10 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
11 Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, st. Gogol, 114/k1. 050000. Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
12 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
13 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
14 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
15 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
16 Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
17 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
18 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
19 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
20 Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
doi
10.48309/ajca.2026.535441.1886چکیده
This study reports the development of a granular porous carbon sorbent produced by the co-thermolysis of rice husk (agricultural waste), oil sludge (industrial waste), and a starch-based binder. The aim was to design an efficient and environmentally friendly method for converting biomass into high-performance adsorbents. The synthesis procedure included mechanical processing of the raw materials, granulation using starch, carbonization under a nitrogen atmosphere, and steam activation at elevated temperatures. The physicochemical characteristics of the resulting sorbents were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. SEM and TEM images revealed a well-developed micro- and mesoporous structure with pore diameters ranging from 50 to 200 nm, suitable for adsorption applications. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed a high carbon content, typical of activated carbon materials. Raman analysis showed prominent D and G bands at 1354 cm-¹ and 1602 cm-¹, respectively, with a graphitization degree of 32.8%, indicating a semi-ordered carbon structure. Optimization studies demonstrated that the sorbent’s properties were strongly influenced by the binder content and activation conditions. The most effective sorbent was obtained at a precursor ratio of 9:1:2 (rice husk:oil sludge:starch), yielding granules with enhanced adsorption capacity. This work provides a novel and sustainable approach for the valorization of agricultural and industrial waste into functional carbon-based materials, with promising applications in water purification, wastewater treatment, and gas adsorption.
