Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Fe₃O₄/TEOS/TiO₂ Composites for Methylene Blue Photodegradation
نویسندگان
1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Deli Serdang, Indonesia
2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
3 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
4 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Amir Hamzah, Medan, Indonesia
5 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
6 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
7 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
8 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Asahan, Asahan, Indonesia
doi
10.48309/ajca.2025.464679.1576چکیده
The contamination of water bodies by organic dyes is a major environmental issue that requires improved methods for water purification. Traditional water treatment methods often fail to degrade these persistent pollutants effectively. This study aims to synthesize and characterize Fe3O4/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) composite in combination with TiO2 anatase for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). The coprecipitation method was employed for the synthesis process. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals changes in the crystal diameter with the addition of TEOS and TiO2. In addition, the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results indicate an average particle size change from 1835.65 (Fe3O4/TEOS) to 1339.7 nm (Fe3O4/TEOS/TiO2) due to the addition of TiO2. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis confirms the Fe-O functional group's presence, indicating the material's magnetic nature. In addition, Si-O-Si and Si-O-Ti functional groups suggest an interaction between TEOS and TiO2, forming new Si and Ti bonds. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis shows an increase in the saturation value (Ms) and remanence value (Mr) while the coercivity value (Hc) decreases. These results suggest that the sample exhibits characteristics of both hard magnetic and superparamagnetic materials. Furthermore, UV-Vis analysis results demonstrate the MB degradation using Fe3O4/TEOS/TiO2 with a photodegradation efficiency of 98.47% for 0.5 h. Kinetic studies reveal that the degradation of MB follows second-order kinetics, with a rate constant of 2.125 ppm-¹ hour-¹.
