Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, DFT, and ADMET Analyses to Develop Newer generation Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist Targeting Insomnia
نویسندگان
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Near IT-Park, Sahastradhara Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3 College of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal Campus, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri Pune, Maharashtra, India
5 School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
6 Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
7 Department of Pharmaceutics, BMS College of Pharmacy, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh, India
8 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Amrapali University, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
9 Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
10 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
11 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
doi
10.48309/ajca.2025.466412.1583چکیده
Dual orexin receptor antagonists such as suvorexant, lemborexant, and daridorexant are the effective solutions for treating insomnia without inducing any dependency. In this study, we identified newer generation dual orexin receptor antagonist using receptor based pharmcophore modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, MEP, FMO, and ADMET analyses. Two receptors such as 6TOT and 4S0V associated with human orexin1 and 2 were considered, respectively. Virtual screening process was performed using the pharmacophoric features of lemborexant and suvorexant using the Zinc database. Virtual screening helps to repurpose already established molecules in a Polypharmacological approach and also it reduces the burden of synthesis. Virtually screened molecules were docked to the active pocket of both receptors, and comparative analyses were performed. Once the reproducibility of binding energy scores and binding modes were validated, the top hit molecules with potential inhibitions against orexin 1 and 2 receptor were selected for further evaluations. MEP and FMO analyses of the best docked molecules were calculated by B3LYP functional and 6–311 G(d,p) levels using GAMESS software. Finally, ADMET analyses were also performed. ZINC84587472 and ZINC63746558 were the best docked molecules against orexin-1 and 2 receptors, respectively. Here, ZINC84587472 showed the highest levels of electronegativity and electrophilicity, respectively. ZINC84587472 was observed as the most reactive molecules. Computational studies confirmed that ZINC84587472 and ZINC63746558 molecules showed good orexin-1 and orexin-2 antagonists with good receptor binding and electronic properties.
