Hydrothermal Carbonization of Coconut Pulp and the Adsorption Activity toward Methylene Blue
نویسندگان
1 Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Province of Lampung, Indonesia
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu (UNIB), Jalan W.R, Supratman, Kandang Limun, Kota Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia
3 Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Province of Lampung, Indonesia
4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu (UNIB), Jalan W.R, Supratman, Kandang Limun, Kota Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia
5 Research Center of Sumatera Natural Products and Functional Materials (RC-SuNaPFuMa) Universitas Bengkulu (UNIB), Kandang Limun, Kota Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia
doi
10.48309/ajca.2024.433543.1471چکیده
This study aimed to investigate alterations in the physical and chemical properties resulting from hydrothermal carbonization process applied to dried coconut pulp samples. The samples were passed through a 50-mesh sieve, immersed in demineralized water, and subjected to heating in an autoclave soaked in silicone oil at 200 °C for 5 hours. Hydrochar product (HTC-coconut pulp) of the treatment is a black powder characterized using several instruments. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the peaks in coconut pulp occurred at 2θ: 16.1°, 20.3°, and in the corresponding HTC-coconut pulp at 2θ: 20.2°, 21.2°. Meanwhile, analysis using FTIR showed a significant change where the peaks were at wavenumber (cm-1) 3603, 2926, 2855, 1746, 1462, 1372, and 1155. The peaks detected in HTC-coconut pulp were at wavenumber (cm-1) 2929, 2849, 1713, 1468, 1290, 1117, and 1057. The results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed several elements such as Al, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca, while HTC-coconut pulp showed Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca. A simple application of the two types of materials was as an adsorbent for a simulated methylene blue (MB) solution. According to UV-Vis spectrophotometry absorbance before and after treatment, HTC-coconut pulp showed a slightly higher absorbency compared to normal coconut pulp.
