Impact of agronomic traits variability on grain yield of mid-oleic and standard sunflower hybrids vs. open-pollinated populations in Iran
نویسندگان
1 Oil Crops Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Semnan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahroud, Iran.
3 Oil Crops Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
4 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Khoramabad, Iran.
5 Oil Crops Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
doi
10.30479/ijgpb.2025.21359.1387چکیده
This study compares three types of sunflower genotypes (standard hybrids, mid-oleic hybrids, and open-pollinated populations) regarding agronomic characteristics, using 16 standard hybrids, 9 mid-oleic hybrids, and 11 open-pollinated populations. The genotypes were evaluated in 6×6 simple lattice experiments conducted in Karaj and Shahrood, Iran, during the 2020-2021 growing season. The highest grain yield (3468 kg ha⁻¹) and oil yield (1462 kg ha⁻¹) were observed in standard hybrids, while the lowest values occurred in mid-oleic hybrids. Standard hybrids also exhibited the earliest maturity (96 days) and the shortest plant height (124 cm). In contrast, mid-oleic hybrids were characterized by lower grain yield (2513 kg ha⁻¹) and oil yield (1108 kg ha⁻¹) compared to the other genotypes. Open-pollinated populations showed similarities to standard hybrids in terms of grain and oil yield; however, the highest yields were consistently recorded among standard hybrids. These results indicate that not all crosses yield high-yielding hybrids with enhanced oil content. While the uniformity of hybrid cultivars facilitates agricultural operations, the higher yield observed in some open-pollinated populations justifies their cultivation in variable and unstable climatic conditions, particularly in marginal areas. Given the significant yield reduction in mid-oleic hybrids in Iran, their commercial production will depend on market demand and achieving a balance between yield and oleic acid content.
