Enhancing Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil-Based Biolubricants with Metal Oxide Additives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation
نویسندگان
1 Department of Environmental Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
2 Department of Environmental Management Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oyo State, Nigeria
4 Department of industrial chemistry, Osun state University, Osogbo, Nigeria
5 Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria
6 Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
7 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria
8 Department of Environmental science, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
9 Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina A&T University, North Carolina, USA
10 Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Ibadan, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
11 Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
12 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oyo State, Nigeria
13 Department of Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria
doi
10.48309/pcbr.2024.467378.1366چکیده
Non-edible vegetable oils have garnered significant research attention in recent years due to their enhanced tri-bological characteristics as biolubricants. Jatropha Curcas oil, in particular, shows promising potential as a feedstock for lubricant production. In this study, Jatropha biolubricant was synthesized through a two-step transesterification process: first converting Jatropha seed oil to methyl ester and then further transesterifying the methyl ester with sodium methoxide in the presence of ethylene glycol. The synthesis achieved a yield of 83.21-90% of Jatropha biolubricant using sodium methoxide as the catalyst. To enhance its performance, the synthesized biolubricant was blended with copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as metal additives. Viscosity tests revealed that the blended biolubricant at 1 wt% additive concentration exhibited optimal viscosity characteristics: 52.952 cSt at 40 ℃ and 8.767 cSt at 100 ℃, compared to 31.58 cSt and 6.547 cSt, respectively, for the biolubricant without additives. Furthermore, blended biolubricant exhibited improved thermal degradation resistance and enhanced oxidative stability across different additive concentrations. Key lubricating properties such as pour point (10 ℃), viscosity at 40 ℃ (52.951 cSt), viscosity at 100 ℃ (8.767 cSt), and viscosity index (165.54) were analysed and found comparable to SAE 40 petroleum lubricants and other plant-based biolubricants.
