فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

The goal of Paul T. Anastas' 1991 invention of "green chemistry" is to encourage ecologically friendly practices in government, academia, and the chemical industry. The International Union of Applied and Pure Chemistry formed a working party on green chemistry in 1996, and the US government issued a challenge dubbed "Green Chemistry" in 1995. The Green Chemistry Institute was established in 1997 to promote cooperation across various industries. Since the middle of the 19th century, creating carbon-carbon bonds has been a vital component of chemical synthesis. Synthetic organic chemistry has advanced as a result of the development of several reactions that produce complex carbon structures over time. With applications in the chemical, fertilizer, and pharmaceutical sectors, transition-metal catalysis became a well-known method for C-C bond production in the late 20th century. It has been necessary to use mild reaction conditions to create molecules with a variety of functional groups. Among the first organometallic reagents were silicon, magnesium, zinc, copper, mercury, aluminum, and zirconium. Stereoselective synthesis was revolutionized in 1979 when Akira Suzuki and Norio Miyaura introduced palladium catalysts, which allowed for the coupling of aryl halides with alkenyl boranes. In addition to inspiring more studies into novel catalytic routes and methodologies based on the Miyaura reaction and advancements in synthetic organic chemistry, this discovery earned Suzuki the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.