Analysis of the Relationship between Early Employment and Human Development Index in Iranian Provinces
نویسندگان
1 Associate Professor in Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
2 Department of Geography, University of University of Sistan and Baluchestan
3 Associate Professor in Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
doi
10.22108/sppl.2021.129003.1590چکیده
Abstract Early employment has detrimental effects on the body of the society at a time when the body and minds of children and adolescents are growing and they all have to go to school while depending on its severity, it is a clear sign of poverty and misery in developing countries. As this problem is of high importance, the purpose of the present study is to analyze the spatial differences of this unpleasant phenomenon on a provincial scale and to explain its relationship with the level of human development and its three indicators including gross national income per capita, means of years of schooling for education, and life expectancy for health. The research method is descriptive-comparative with a relational approach. Some indicators of the study have been analyzed according to the census data of 2016. The rate of early employment in relation to the employment of the age groups of 10-14 and 15-19 years is compared with their total population, the literacy index obtained by the United Nation Formula is a combination of the rate of total literacy and adult literacy. Analyzing the indices used in this research by SPSS software shows that there is a significant inverse relationship of 0.05 between the early employment and two indicators including gross national income per capita and literacy but the mentioned relationship is confirmed by the life expectancy indicator for health at the level of 0.08. It may be claimed that in the regions with a lower rate of literacy, the rate of gross national income per capita is reduced and the early employment phenomenon has a higher prevalence. Therefore, in order to minimize the rate of the undesirable phenomenon of early employment, it is necessary to pay more attention to the rate of literacy and gross national income per capita especially in eastern and northwestern regions of our country. The geographical shapes in ARC GIS mapping software have presented the spatial gap between two critical zones of the eastern and northwestern areas compared with other regions of the country.
