فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

In this study, we investigated instabilities and finger patterns generated during the fluid-fluid displacement of a Newtonian fluid, with a specific focus on the replacement of water vapor by base oil. In this context, the base oil acted as the displaced fluid, while water vapor acted as the displacing fluid. A laboratory system was designed to generate steam and deliver it to the Hale-Shaw cell with minimal energy loss. The parameters investigated include the effect of the steam injection flow rate, the ratio of the main finger length to its width, the growth of the main finger pattern in the effective medium of the system, and the Jacob number. Results indicated that the capillary number decreased with time at constant injection volumetric flow rates from 5.0 mL/min to 20.0 mL/min, showing the dominance of adhesive forces over viscous forces. In the range of capillary number 0.007 to 0.127, viscous forces were not dominant at different injection flow rates, but still significantly contributed to the increase in length and broadening of the fingers. To quantify the surface instabilities created, the F number has been investigated as a numerical measure to evaluate the growth of fingers in the system environment. An increase in injection flow rate corresponds to the rise in finger pattern growth in the effective environment of the system. The observed range of F values, from 0.0004 to 0.0026, confirms this finding. Furthermore, the numerical quantity G was analyzed to evaluate the changes in the ratio between finger length and width within the finger pattern. The results show that G increases with increasing steam injection flow rate. At injection rates of 15.0 mL/min and 20.0 mL/min, the inter-finger coalescence mechanism was observed. Finally, the Jacob number showed a constant decrease at all injection rates at the outlet compared to the inlet.