Transesterification over Fe-TiO2/SO42- as a novel solid catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
نویسندگان
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Baru Anduonohu, Kendari 93232 – Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Baru Anduonohu, Kendari 93232 – Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Baru Anduonohu, Kendari 93232 – Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
4 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Avicenna, Kendari 93117, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Baru Anduonohu, Kendari 93232 – Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
6 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Baru Anduonohu, Kendari 93232 – Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
7 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Baru Anduonohu, Kendari 93232 – Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
doi
10.22036/ncr.2025.517458.1467چکیده
The disposal of waste cooking oil (WCO) poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating sustainable and efficient approaches for its valorization. In this study, a novel kind of solid catalyst based on Fe-TiO2/SO42- nanocomposite was prepared by sol-gel and incorporation methods for biodiesel production by the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil (WCO). The effect of preparation conditions on catalyst activity was also investigated, the optimum results of which showed that the amount of Fe-TiO2/SO42- was 2.5 wt%. The incorporation of Fe significantly enhanced the catalytic performance, likely due to increased electron transfer and synergistic effects with TiO2 and sulfate groups. Moreover, the structures and properties of Fe-TiO2/SO42- catalysts were characterized employing XRD, SEM, and FT-IR. As a result, the Fe-TiO2/SO42- solid catalyst demonstrated strong catalytic performance in the transesterification of WCO. With a catalyst loading of 2.5 wt.%, a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 1:6, and a reaction time of 3 hours at 80 °C, the achieved conversion ratio surpasses 92% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield from WCO. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of a sustainable and economically viable approach to convert WCO into high-quality biodiesel, simultaneously addressing environmental concerns and reducing waste generation.
