Green-Synthesized CuO Nanoparticles from Averrhoa carambola Extract for Congo Red Dye Degradation: Role of pH in Photocatalytic Performance
نویسندگان
1 Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
2 Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
3 Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
4 Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
5 Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
6 Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
7 Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
doi
10.22036/ncr.2025.522153.1475چکیده
The present investigation addresses the green synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) using Averrhoa carambola (star fruit) extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized using UV-Visible (UV-Vis), FT-IR, XRD, and SEM-EDX analytical techniques. The spectroscopic and microscopic analytical techniques confirmed the formation of CuO NPs. Structural analysis revealed that CuO NPs (28 nm) possess a spherical morphology with a monoclinic phase. EDX confirmed the elemental composition of the respective metal oxide. The photocatalytic performance of the CuO NPs was evaluated via the degradation of Congo red dye at various pH values (2 - 12). The CuO NPs exhibited the highest degradation efficiency (74.13%) with a rate constant of 2.98 × 10⁻² min⁻¹ at pH 7. These findings demonstrate the effective use of Averrhoa carambola extract in the eco-friendly synthesis of metal oxide NPs with significant potential for environmental remediation, particularly in wastewater treatment for dye removal.
