Immunosenescence of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Autoimmune Diseases; the Dark Side of Immune System
نویسندگان
1 Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
4 Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah
doi
10.32592/RR.2022.7.1.1چکیده
Our understating of the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has greatly advanced during previous decades.Considering their unique regulatory effects, numerous applications have been establishedfor treating autoimmune diseases. However, cellular senescence and inefficient functions were found in MSCs isolated from autoimmune patients when they were particularly utilized in autologous settings. Several attempts have beenconducted to provide an in-depth understanding of mechanisms involved in MSC senescence andits negative impacts on autoimmune disease onset/ progression.Accordingly, indirect evidence of the role of immunosenescent MSCs hasbeen reported during the immunopathogenesis of systemic sclerosis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes, psoriasis, and immune thrombocytopenia. This connection is mediated primarilythroughthe reduced self-renewability of MSCs and their abnormal immunoregulatory functions in the polarization of immune cells.Such knowledge is critical for developing therapeutic interventions to re-induce autoimmune patients' immune balance.To further explore the basic and clinical characteristics of MSC senescence in autoimmune disorders, this review comprehends the available information regarding molecular mechanisms and cellular interactions that finally perturb immuno-homeostasis of MSCs.
