فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Heavy metal contamination in soils is a critical environmental issue due to the persistent and toxic nature of these metals, which pose severe risks to ecosystems and human health. This study provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms underlying heavy metal contamination, with a focus on key processes such as soil mineralogy, chemical forms and speciation, adsorption, precipitation, complexation, and redox reactions. These mechanisms collectively influence the mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity of heavy metals in soils. The study also employs bibliometric analysis to examine the global research trends and developments in the field of heavy metal contamination, offering insights into the evolution of scientific knowledge and highlighting emerging areas of research. In addition to exploring the fundamental processes, this study addresses the wide-ranging impacts of heavy metal contamination, including its detrimental effects on soil quality, plant growth, ecosystems, and human health. Methods for assessing soil contamination are critically reviewed, covering soil sampling protocols, advanced analytical techniques, and bioavailability assessments. These methods provide a robust framework for accurately evaluating the extent and severity of contamination. The study also discusses current challenges in addressing heavy metal contamination, such as the complexity of metal speciation, soil heterogeneity, and the potential exacerbating effects of climate change. Future directions are proposed, focusing on the development of more effective remediation strategies, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and integrating interdisciplinary approaches to ensure sustainable soil management and contamination mitigation. Through this study, the study highlights the urgent need for continued research and innovation in managing heavy metal contamination in soils. The study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms that control metal behavior in soils. It also seeks to inform the development of more effective strategies for soil management and remediation, ultimately contributing to the protection of ecosystems and human health.