فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence itself. Over the last few decades, it has emerged as a critical field of studying the link between gene regulation and developmental processes, environmental exposures, disease susceptibility, and cancer progression. Epigenetic mechanisms—such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA-mediated regulation—play pivotal roles in gene silencing and activation, thereby contributing to cellular identity and function. This review synthesizes current literature and experimental findings on epigenetic mechanisms, highlighting seminal and recent studies on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-associated gene regulation. Special focus is placed on evaluating molecular pathways, model organisms such as the agouti mouse, and therapeutic interventions using epigenetic drugs. Relevant references from established journals and experimental reports are critically analyzed to build a comprehensive understanding. Research has shown that DNA methylation and histone modification are central to the regulation of gene activity, influencing development, metabolism, and disease. The agouti mouse model illustrates how environmental factors like maternal diet can lead to epigenetic changes with phenotypic consequences across generations. In cancer, abnormal DNA methylation patterns—either hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes or hypomethylation of oncogenes—were identified as hallmarks of carcinogenesis. Therapeutically, inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases have shown promise in reversing aberrant epigenetic modifications. Epigenetics is transforming our understanding of gene-environment interactions and their impact on health and disease. It offers new avenues for diagnostics and therapeutic intervention, particularly in oncology. Ongoing research and technological advancements are expected to expand the landscape of epigenetic therapies and precision medicine.