The effect of education based on the health belief model in improving anxiety among mothers of infants with retinopathy of prematurity
نویسندگان
1 Department of Pediatrics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Eye Research Center, Khatam Al Anbiya Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3 Department of Health Promotion, and Education, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
4 Department of Community Health and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Eye Research Center, Khatam Al Anbiya Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
6 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Eye Research Center, Khatam Al Anbiya Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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چکیده
BACKGROUND: Due to the role of education in improving anxiety and essential skills of mothersfor caring for their infants, this study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on the healthbelief model (HBM) on anxiety among mothers of infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 67 motherswith premature infants admitted to the ROP unit of Khatam Al Anbia Eye Hospital in Mashhad,Iran from 2019 to 2020. Participants were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups.Intervention was designed based on HBM during six sessions, each of 45–60 minutes duration. Thecontrol group received routine educations according to the hospital policies. The maternal anxiety,adherence with follow‑up examinations and the rate of neonatal retinal vascularization were evaluatedusing an HBM‑ based questionnaire and State‑Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire and checklists,respectively. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software, version 16, using Chi‑squared test, Fisher’sexact test, independent t test, and Mann–Whitney U test.RESULTS: Based on our findings, no significant difference was observed between the two groupsbefore the intervention regarding the mean score of maternal anxiety (P = 0.141). However, afterintervention, the mean score of maternal anxiety decreased significantly from 67.0 ± 6.3 to 38.5 ± 6.6in the intervention group and increased from 69.8 ± 3.1 to 68.3 ± 3.4 in the control group (P < 0.001).In the intervention group, the mean scores of model constructs (perceived susceptibility andseverity, perceived benefits, barriers, self‑efficacy and cue to action) increased significantly afterintervention (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Education based on HBM appear to be an efficient method to improve maternalanxiety among mothers of infants with retinopathy of prematurity. Accordingly, nurses and treatmentstaff can provide interventions in the NICU based on the HBM to the parents of hospitalized andpremature infants.
