The effect of educational intervention on self‑care behavior in hypertensive older people: Applying the health belief model
نویسندگان
1 Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‑Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4 Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
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چکیده
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a worldwide health issue. Increasing aging has given rise to theprevalence of this problem. Disease management using educational intervention based on theoreticalframeworks is effective for influencing self‑care behavior. The goal of this study is to investigate theeffects of educational intervention on self‑care behaviors that influence hypertension control amongthe elderly population during 2020 based on the health belief model.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on rural older people inArdestan, Iran. Assessments were done before and after three educational intervention sessionswith a control group. The random sampling has done on 99 hypertensive elderly people in two ruralcenters of Ardestan from 2019 to 2020. Awareness variables, components of the health belief model,and blood pressure were assessed before and three months after the intervention. Data analysiswas done using descriptive and analytical statistics.RESULTS: The study groups did not differ significantly in terms of the variables studied at thebeginning of the study. After three months, the variables of awareness, self‑care, and perceivedsensitivity constructs, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and guide to action showed a significantrise in the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, the effectiveness ofeducational intervention significantly increased self‑care behavior in the experimental group.CONCLUSIONS: Educational intervention based on the health belief model can be effective toreduce the barriers of self‑care behaviors. In order to have a lasting change in behavior, the useof behavioral change patterns that ecologically take into account interpersonal, organizational, andsocial factors is suggested too.
