The impact of lifestyle stressors, menstrual pattern, and cardiometabolic risk factors on young females with cholelithiasis
نویسندگان
1 SNCU officer, Department of Pediatrics, Koosamma Shambhu Shetty Memorial Haji Abdulla Mother and Child Hospital, Udupi, Karnataka, India
2 Department of General Surgery, A. J Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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5 Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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doi
چکیده
BACKGROUND: Lifestyle and nutritional transitions in the society driven by globalization have ledto the rising burden of cholelithiasis. The present study was done to assess the impact of lifestyle,stress, menstrual pattern, and cardiometabolic risk factors on young females with cholelithiasis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital‑based case–control study was conducted on young femalesof 18–45 years. Cases and age‑matched controls were compared on their lifestyle parameters likedemography, marital status, occupation, educational status, family income, stress along with menstrualpattern, cardiometabolic parameters like anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), fastingblood sugar (FBS), and lipid profile. Chi‑square test and unpaired t‑test were used for the analysisof data using SPSS software, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The majority of the cases were from rural areas, married, homemakers leading acomparatively sedentary lifestyle consuming more red meat, less literate, and belonged to a lowereconomic group with significantly more stress compared to controls. The age of menarche, neither theregularity nor irregularity of the menstrual cycle (regular cycle 21–35 days), showed any difference,but cases had significantly more pregnancies and usage of oral contraceptives compared to controls.Waist–height ratio, systolic BP, FBS, triglyceride, low‑density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-densitylipoprotein (VLDL) were significantly higher in cases. Cases had a 14.4 times more risk of developingmetabolic syndrome when compared with controls.CONCLUSION: Married, rural, less literate Indian women leading a sedentary lifestyle, consumingmore of red meat, and soft drinks with increased psychosomatic stress are more prone to developcholelithiasis. Women who use hormonal contraceptives have increased occurrence of cholelithiasisand they were more prone to develop metabolic syndrome. The need for the hour is health education,to implement simple lifestyle changes, thereby decreasing the incidence of cholelithiasis in youngfemales.
