فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

BACKGROUND: A large proportion of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) can be prevented byreducing unhealthy nutrition, inadequate physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The highburden of NCDs underlines the need for a greater understanding of the causes of these risk factors.This paper aims to identify factors affecting smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy nutrition, andinadequate physical activity in current and future times.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A scoping review was conducted in Iran University of MedicalSciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2020 to identify factors affecting smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthynutrition, and inadequate physical activity. The review was guided by the five‑step Arksey and O’Malleymodel. A deductive qualitative content analysis was employed to identify the factors synthesizedthrough descriptive and narrative synthesis. The search was conducted in English without daterestrictions up to January 2020.RESULTS: We identified 1437 studies through database search and other sources and finally included72 studies in the review. The content analysis of the data led to the identification of 27 factors affectingsmoking, alcohol consumption, nutrition, and physical activity. The factors categorized into social,technological, environmental, economic, political, and values factors.CONCLUSION: Political and economic factors have a significant effect on all risk factors, and it isnecessary to take comprehensive measures to improve these factors. Technological factors have agreater impact on healthy nutrition. Physical activity is more affected by environmental factors thanother risk factors. However, smoking and alcohol consumption are more influenced by social factorsand individual attitudes.