The prevalence of attention‑deficit hyperactivity disorder and its related risk factors among children at elementary school in Shahroud
نویسندگان
1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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چکیده
BACKGROUND: Attention‑deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common reasonsfor visiting psychiatrists and psychologists. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHDand its related risk factors among children at elementary schools.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional study focused on teachers and parents of 779elementary students who were selected through stratified cluster random sampling; Conners Parentand Teacher Questionnaires were used to collecting data. The data were analyzed by the use ofdescriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), independent samples t‑test, Chi‑square, one‑wayANOVA, and linear regression. The significant level was set at 0.05.Results: According to teachers’ responses, the prevalence of ADHD among students in elementaryschools was 4.4%, whereas parents reported a prevalence of 0.5%. There was a significantrelationship between childhood ADHD and marital status of parents, fathers’ smoking habits, previousexperience of living in rural areas, children’s previous history of having diseases and using themedicine, previous history of ADHD, and psychological problems in the family.Conclusions: According to the study, teachers and parents suffer from a lack of knowledge aboutADHD. Thus, the educational workshops and programs should be held for teachers, parents, andcounselors to inform them about the procedures for timely diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.
