فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major contributor to low back pain and spinal disorders, representing a significant global health burden. Once considered a consequence of aging and mechanical stress, IVDD is now recognized as a multifactorial process involving complex molecular and cellular mechanisms. This narrative mini-review summarizes current insights into the pathophysiology of ...