Oncogenes as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: A Review of Molecular Detection and Clinical Utility
نویسندگان
1 Department of Research of Salamat Yar Behesht Dayan, Dayanbiotech Co, Iran.
2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 Imam reza hospital, kermanshah university of medical science, kermanshah, iran
4 Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
5 Department of Research, Ocean Pharmaceutical Products Company, Tehran, Iran.
6 Department of Life Science Engineering, Tehran University, Iran.
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چکیده
Breast cancer management has been revolutionized by the identification of key oncogenes which serve as critical diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. These molecular alterations influence tumor behavior, treatment response, and patient outcomes, enabling personalized therapeutic strategies. This review comprehensively examined the most prominent oncogenes—HER2, PIK3CA, MYC, and BRCA1/2—implicated in breast carcinogenesis, ...
