Investigating the effect of education on man immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome preventive behaviors in vulnerable women living in peripheral neighborhoods: Applications of the health belief model
نویسندگان
1 Department of Counseling, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
2 Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
3 MSc Student of Midwifery Counseling, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
4
doi
چکیده
INTRODUCTION: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pervasive disease, andits epidemic is spreading around the world. The only way to effectively fight against humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is good‑quality health. The present study aimed to investigatethe effect of an educational intervention program on HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors based on theHealth Belief Model (HBM) in vulnerable women residing in peripheral neighborhoods.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a quasi‑experimental research conducted among 200vulnerable women, randomly selected from four community health centers in peripheral neighborhoodsin 2019 in Zahedan, Iran. The data were collected using a researcher‑made questionnaire, containingdemographic information, HIV knowledge, and the HBM constructs. Besides, the data were collectedbefore, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention in both groups. Data analysis wasperformed in SPSS (version 24) using descriptive statistics, Chi‑square test, independent t‑test,repeated‑measures analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression.RESULTS: The findings revealed no significant difference in the mean scores of knowledge andthe HBM constructs before the educational intervention (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention,this difference was significant in three time intervals (P < 0.05). Despite the effectiveness ofthe educational intervention in the mean scores of knowledge and the HBM constructs in theintervention group compared with the controls, the largest effect size was observed, respectively, inknowledge (d = 0.762) and perceived barriers (d = 0.612), and the smallest effect size was reportedin cues to action (d = 0.421). As well, the F‑statistic ratio (0.847) demonstrated that the selecteddemographic variables had failed to explain variations in knowledge mean scores (P = 0.497).CONCLUSION: HBM‑based training interventions were positive for HIV/AIDS prevention behaviors.However, training alone does not seem to have enough effect on behavior persistence. Therefore,further research is recommended to investigate the role of predictive factors, especially socialdeterminants of health and their relationship to different parts of the model, to take more effectivemeasures for behavioral stability at the same time as training.
