فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Civil disobedience is a significant concept in political science and public law, particularly in contemporary discourse. Its close relationship with the principle of "freedom," a fundamental right of every individual under the rule of a state, necessitates a careful examination from an Islamic perspective to distinguish its instances from similar concepts in political jurisprudence. This study addresses the following research question: How does Islamic jurisprudence conceptualize civil disobedience, and how are its boundaries delineated compared to protest, advice, enjoining good deeds, revolt, and war against the Islamic authority? Using a qualitative, analytical-comparative methodology, this paper examines classical and contemporary jurisprudential sources, alongside relevant case studies of minority-government conflicts, to elucidate the juridical rulings pertaining to acts of disobedience and resistance. The findings indicate that Islamic jurisprudence differentiates civil disobedience from revolt (baghy) and armed aggression (muhārabah) based on intent, scope, and methods employed, emphasizing principles such as the protection of public order, adherence to legitimate authority, and the proportionality of response. Furthermore, acts of nonviolent protest and advisory interventions (naṣīḥah) are recognized as lawful and constructive forms of civic engagement, provided they respect the boundaries of Islamic law. Overall, the study highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of civil disobedience within Islamic legal frameworks, offering both theoretical clarification and practical guidance for contemporary governance and civic responsibility.