فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

The conservation, conveyance, and protection of water resources have become increasingly critical due to the rapid growth in global population. This surge in population has significantly heightened the demand for water—not only for basic needs such as drinking and sanitation but also for broader socio-cultural and economic development. To meet these demands, various methods are employed to transport water from its source to areas of use. Among these, pressurized water transmission through closed conduits like pipelines is widely utilized due to its efficiency, reliability, and ability to maintain water quality during transit. However, despite its many benefits—such as reduced evaporation loss, minimized contamination risk, and controlled flow—this method is not without challenges. Common issues include pipeline leakages, structural malfunctions, physical displacements, water wastage, and potential contamination due to breaches in the system. These problems can lead to significant losses of precious water resources, increased operational costs, and compromised service delivery, especially in urban and semi-urban areas where demand is high.This research focuses on a comprehensive review of an ongoing water supply scheme that incorporates multiple transmission lines, some of which are already operational