Migration health crisis associated with climate change: A systematic review
نویسندگان
1 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran The Collaboration Center of Meta-Analysis Research, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
2 Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Departman of Nursing, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
3 Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
4 Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
doi
چکیده
BACKGROUND: The empirical assessment of the health outcomes associated with migration causedby climate change is still unclear. However, health outcomes in the early stages are expected to besimilar to the health outcomes associated with refugees. The objective of the present study was asystematic review of the health effects of migration caused by climate change.METHODOLOGY: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Itemsfor Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analyses guidelines. Online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Webof Science, and Google Scholar) were used to identify papers published that evaluated the healtheffects of migration caused by climate change. The search, article selection, and data extraction werecarried out by two researchers independently. All English‑language articles on the health effects ofmigration caused by climate change were included in this study.RESULTS: An analysis of the complex ways in which climate change influences populations canbe facilitated using a three‑class classification: compulsory displacement, resettlement planning,and migration. Subsequent to climate changes, other changes, and environmental deficiencies,compulsory displacement may occur in case of inadequacy of compatibility responses. A part ofmigration‑related health outcomes caused by climate change is from displacement from rural to urbanareas, especially in developing countries. There is significant documentation on health and livelihoodinequalities between migrant groups and host populations in developed countries.CONCLUSION: If climate change continues in its current direction, it is likely that the number ofrefugees and crises will increase in the coming decades. Although the domain and the extent of healthhazards caused by the displacement of the population associated with climate change cannot beclearly predicted, by reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, along with social and environmentaladaptation strategies, migration caused by climate change, health risks and its relevant crises canbe greatly reduced.
