فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Background and Aim: Although ophthalmology was considered in Egypt, Ancient Greece, India, Iran, Mesopotamia and other civilizations and even among primitive Arabs in the ancient world, but until the establishment of city of Shapour and Jundishapour University during the time of Shapour and Khosrow Anoushirvan, it wasn’t an organized system and scientific and international order. In this research, we discuss the role of ophthalmologists of the Jundishapour and investigate the importance and status of this knowledge and how it was formed, developed and transferred to the scientific base of the Islamic world in Baghdad during the first period of Abbasid Caliphate. Methods: This article is based on the approach of historical studies and the use of original historical sources and texts and modern research and is organized in a descriptive-analytical way. Ethical Considerations: In the compilation of this research, the principles of reference and reference to original historical sources have been observed. Results: Jundishapour International University combined school in the Sasanian era as the largest university in the ancient world has played an important role in development of medical system and Islamic medicine and organizing various branches of medical science including ophthalmology in the history of science. Conclusion: In ancient times, different traditions and schools of medicine and ophthalmology were common. With the establishment of Jundishapour scientific center, the traditions and schools of ophthalmology of various Mesopotamians, Syriac, Greek, Indian and Iranian civilizations were combined in Jundishapour, and the knowledge of ophthalmology as a branch of medical sciences in the university Jundishapour was formed. After the Islamic conquests and the passing of the first century, the scientific traditions and knowledge of ophthalmology were transferred to the world of Islam and the scientific school of Baghdad and Islamic civilization through Iranian doctors. Finally, the ancient heritage of ancient ophthalmic knowledge flourished in the Islamic civilization in the third and fourth centuries of Hijri and led to the emergence of great doctors such as Ammar Mosuli and Ali Ibn Isa Baghdadi.