فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Background and Aim: Malaria and plague were among the most important diseases that spread based on environmental conditions and characteristics. The purpose of this research is to investigate the causes and areas of prevalence, ways of prevention and treatment of these two deadly diseases in Iran (1304-1344) based on the of European tourists’ reports. Methods: This research has been written in a descriptive-analytical way by referring to texts and library sources and historical editions. Ethical Considerations: In referring to documents and sources, the principles of trustworthiness, honesty and inference from historical data have been observed. Results: Infectious diseases such as malaria and plague appeared and spread due to the lack of sanitary facilities and personal and environmental health. But the role of individual and group attitudes of different layers of society in the causes of disease and their treatment methods should be considered. The penetration of folk beliefs among a large part of the society, unwillingness and lack of trust in modern treatment methods - with the arrival of modern medicine in Iran - had a great impact on the spread of infectious diseases and mortality. Conclusion: The results show that following the use of modern treatment methods, the death from infectious diseases of malaria and plague decreased from the end of the Qajar and during the Pahlavi - especially Pahlavi II. The absence and weakness of health and treatment facilities and equipment, climatic-environmental conditions and social communication, as well as adherence to traditional medicine and negative attitude to modern treatment methods, caused the emergence and spread of infectious diseases of malaria and plague in Iran.