فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Background and Aim: Disease and how to deal with it has always occupied the human mind. The medical contents of the "Nippur" clay tablets indicate that the subject of medicine and medicine had a special place among the inhabitants of the Mesopotamia region (Babylon, Assyria, Sumer and Elam) in 3000 BC. The oldest surviving medical records are from the late third millennium BC in Sumerian, containing 12 medicinal versions. In addition to the Sumerian tablets, several tablets in the Akkadian language have been obtained which are about medical diagnoses and explain the method of treatment, and also show that they were familiar with the anatomy of the body and used terms for various organs of the body. The purpose of this article is to study the subject of medical science in Mesopotamia and to show what methods of treating Mesopotamian physicians in ancient times in the treatment and treatment of diseases and were they familiar with the anatomy of the body at that time? Methods: The research is based on historical-descriptive method and the authors of this article have compiled the library method. Ethical Considerations: In reference to texts and sources, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed. Results: The findings show that they had names for kidney, spleen, intestine, lung, blood and brain and this indicates that they were familiar with these organs of the body. By studying the tablets, we also find that they used a variety of plants, minerals, and animal components to make medicine. Conclusion: Mesopotamian tablets show that they were aware of the anatomy of the human body and had letters for each part. They wrote their observations of the patient's symptoms on their tablets and guessed the disease, and performed various treatments for various ailments, such as bandaging, oil massage, using pills, syrups, drops, sprays, and surgery. Please cite this article as: Sharifian F, Fekripour K, Heidarpour A. Anatomy, Medications and Treatment in Mesopotamia (Based on Mesopotamian Tablets). Tārīkh-i pizishkī, i.e., Medical History. 2022; 14(47): e14.