فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Water resource management in agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is a major global challenge. This study examines the impact of drought and wet periods on the blue water footprint (WFblue) and green water footprint (WFgreen) of wheat within the Dez irrigation network in Southwest Iran (1993–2023). The objective is to analyze variations in the water footprint using 30 years of meteorological data, wheat yield, and water input to the Dez network. Data were evaluated through WFblue/WFgreen models and ANOVA Results show that severe drought significantly increases WFblue by approximately 121.07% (375.20 m 3 ton -1 ) compared to the normal condition (169.59 m 3 ton -1 ), while reducing WFgreen, exerting substantial stress on groundwater and surface water resources. Variance analysis indicates that drought indices (RDI, SPI) significantly affect water resources, with SPI as the primary driver of variability. This study builds on Hoekstra’s water footprint theory by integrating adaptive management strategies for drought and wet periods, emphasizing temporal variations in water use. The findings highlight the urgent need for smart water management and advanced meteorological forecasting to guide policies that mitigate drought impacts and enhance water-use efficiency.