فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

This study investigated the optimization of the preparation of biochar derived from argan fruit shell activated by the fungus Biscogniauxia nummularia and its efficiency in the removal of phenoxyacetic herbicides used in agriculture. The main objective was to analyze the sorption of these herbicides by the biochar, while optimizing the parameters of its preparation and modeling the interactions between the herbicides and the biochar. BAS5 biochar was prepared from argan fruit shell activated by Biscogniauxia nummularia, with pyrolysis conditions carefully adjusted to maximize its specific surface area. In addition, extensive physicochemical characterizations were performed to analyze the morphology and composition of the biochar, using advanced analytical techniques (SEM-EDX, BET, XRD, FTIR, TGA-DTA). Herbicide adsorption was modeled using Langmuir isotherms, and experimental results demonstrated that biochar exhibited significant adsorption capacity; furthermore, thermodynamic analyses revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, indicating energy release and a preference for specific environmental conditions. In parallel, computational approaches investigated the molecular interactions between herbicides and biochar proteins, shedding light on the precise mechanisms governing the adsorption of phenoxyacetic herbicides by biochar. These results suggest that activated argan biochar could offer a sustainable and effective solution for the management of herbicide pollutants.