The Power of Music for Farabi: A Case Study as to Gender
نویسندگان
doi
10.22034/jpiut.2021.46639.2876چکیده
Abu Nasr Farabi focuses on influence of the music on emotions and emotional problems including extreme emotions and moods. But how effective is music in changing a specific emotional issue? This essay reports what is probably the first scientific study of the effect of music on a precise extreme mood. Using a randomized experiment, we measure how a music affects sexism. More specifically, the experiment measures the extent to which a piece of music that we have created weakens the belief among some Muslims that women are not as suitable as men for positions of chairmanship. We find that the music reduces sexism by 22.48 percent, compared to a control treatment that presents the same argument and story verbally. Results, moreover, indicate that prejudice against women is not an inherent feature of Islam and is rather a function of the descriptive beliefs that prevail in some Islamic societies regarding women’s capabilities.
کلیدواژهها
Strongly disagree, Disagree, Indifferent, Agree, Strongly agree, Alesina, Alberto, Paola Giuliano, Nathan Nunn (2011), “Fertility and the Plough”, NBER Working Paper 16718., Akerlof GA, Kranton RE (2010), Identity Economics: How Our Identities Shape Our Work, Wages, and Well-Being, Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, Archaeology, July/August 2018., Becker, Howard S. (1982), Art Worlds. Berkeley: University of California Press., Bolsen T, Druckman JN, Lomax Cook F. (2014), “How frames can stunt support for scientific adaptations: politicization and the status quo bias, ” Public Opinion. Q. 78: 1–26., Boserup, Ester (1970), Women’s Role in Economic Development, Allen & Unwin., Deinhard, Hanna (1970), Meaning and Expression: Toward a Sociology of Art, Beacon Press, Boston., Farabi, A. (2004)Fusūl Muntaziʿa, Ḥ. Maliksāhī(ed.), Tehran: Sorush., Farabi, A. (2005)Taḥṣīl al-Saʿāda wa al-TanbīhʿalāSabīl al-Saʿāda, A. JābirīMuqaddam (), Qom: Dār al-Hudā., Farabi, A. (2013)ĀrāʿuʿAhl al-Madīnat al-Fāḍila wa Muḍāddātihā, Cairo: Hindawī Foundation., Feldman, Stanley, Christopher Johnston (2013), “Understanding the Determinants of Political Ideology: Implications of Structural Complexity, ”Political Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 3 (JUNE 2014), pp. 337-358., Fernandez, Alberto M. (2015), “Here to stay and growing: Combating ISIS propaganda networks, ” U.S.-Islamic World Forum Papers, October 2015., Huddy L. (2003) “Group identity and political cohesion, ” In TheOxfordHandbook of Political Psychology, ed. DO Sears, L Huddy, R Jervis, pp. 511–58. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, Hull, David Stewart (1969), Film in the Third Reich: A Study of the German Cinema, 1933–1945, Berkeley: University of California Press., Jamal, Amaney, Sharan Grewal, Tarek Masoud, and Elizabeth Nugent 2019, “Poverty and Divine Rewards: The Electoral Advantage of Islamist Political Parties, ”American Journal of Political Science, August, 2019., Jamal, Amaney, Helen Milner (2019), “Trade Policy Preferences in Tunisia: Economic Self-interest and Information, ”Review of International Political Economy, July, 2019., James N. Druckman and Arthur Lupia (2016), “Preference Change in Competitive Political Environments, ”Annual Review of Political Science19:13-31., Kinder D.R., Kam C.D. (2010), UsAgainst Them: Ethnocentric Foundations of American Opinion, Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press., Maftouni, N. (2007)Khallāqīyyati Khīyāl Az Dīdgāhi Fārābī wa Suhrawardī, PhD Dissertation, Tehran University., Monroe K.R., Hankin J., Van Vechten R.B. (2000), “The psychological foundations of identity politics, ”Annual Review of Political Science, 3: 419–47., Nagle, D. Brendan; Stanley M. Burstein (2009), The Ancient World: Readings in Social and Cultural History, Pearson Education., Nakajima, Seio. “Prosumption in Art, ”American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 56, No. 4 (April 2012): 550-569., Niemi R.G., Jennings M.K. (1991), “Issues and inheritance in the formation of party identification, ”American Journal of Political Science, 35: 970–88., Nuri, M. (2019)Aghrāḍi Hunar Az Dīdgāhi Fārābī, PhD Dissertation, Tehran University of Art., Pritchett, Lant, Kunal Sen, and Eric Werker (2017), Deals and Development: The Political Dynamics of Growth Episodes, Oxford University Press., Quemin, Alain (2006), “Globalization and Mixing in the visual arts. An Empirical Survey of "High Culture" and Globalization”, International Sociology, Vol. 21, n°4, July 2006, p. 522-550., Rogan, Hanna (2007), “Abu Reuter and the E-Jihad: Virtual Battlefronts from Iraq to the Horn of Africa, ”Georgetown Journal of International Affairs., Ross, Michael (2008), “Oil, Islam, and Women, ”American Political Science Review, Vol 102, Issue 1, February 2008, pp. 107-123., Sapiro V. (2004), “Not your parents' political socialization: introduction for a new generation, ”Annual Review of Political Science, Vol 7: 1–23, Shrestha L.B. (2006), The changing demographic profile of the Unites States. Rep. RL32701, CRS Rep. Congress, Library of Congress, Washington, DC., Tajfel H. (1970), “Experiments in intergroup discrimination, ”Scientific American, Vol 223: 96–102., Transue J.E. (2007), “Identity salience, identity acceptance, and racial policy attitudes: American national identity as a uniting force, ”American Journal Political Science, Vol 51: 78–91., Van Deth J.W., Abendschön S., Vollmar M. (2011), “Children and politics: an empirical reassessment of early political socialization, ”Political Psychology, Vol 32: 147–74., نادیا مفتونی, Farabi, music, gender, emotions, women, Nadia Maftouni
