فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Results: In total, 16 131 patients were reported in 113 papers from North America, Europe and China according to our inclusion criteria. There was a significant difference in age at the first hypospadias surgery (P < 0.0005) and in the incidence of complications (P < 0.001) between the different global regions investigated, with the earliest surgeries occurring in North American patients. Urethral fistulas were the most common complication reported in all of the regions included in this study. Conclusions: Fellowship training in pediatric urology could improve surgical outcomes,particularly in young children. Younger children experience fewer complications following hypospadias surgeries, independent of training and access to resources.