فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Introduction: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is often considered the most severe spectrum of male infertility. Focal spermatogenesis that occurs in NOA patients has made successful sperm retrieval very challenging. Testicular mapping biopsy is a minimally invasive sperm retrieval technique that provides significant information concerning focal spermatogenesis in NOA patients. This case series describes the early clinical experience and results of testicular mapping biopsy in Indonesian patients with NOA. It includes patients who have a history of unsuccessful testicular sperm extraction (TESE) procedures. Discussion: Testicular mapping biopsy is a novel sperm retrieval technique to treat NOA patients. The sperm retrieval rate of this procedure is comparable to TESE/microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE), with the advantage of minimal invasiveness and providing valuable information concerning focal spermatogenesis. Testicular mapping biopsy can also help treat NOA patients with previously failed TESE/microTESE. This procedure is well tolerated, with mild side effects such as spermatic cord hematoma, painless gross hematospermia, and pain. All complications were resolved within a week. Conclusions: Testicular mapping biopsy is a novel technique for treating NOA. It has a relatively high sperm retrieval rate comparable to TESE and microTESE. Furthermore, testicular mapping biopsy opens the possibility of sperm retrieval for patients with previously failed TESE or microTESE. The procedure is also well-tolerated by patients and does not have the adverse effect of reduced testosterone and potential hypogonadism as is the case with TESE or microTESE.