Synergistic Antimalarial Activity of Alpha-Mangostin Chitosan Alginate Nanoparticles with Chloroquine in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei: The Potential of a New Antimalarial Drug Combination
نویسندگان
1 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University (Universitas Kristen Maranatha), Bandung, Indonesia
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad), Bandung, Indonesia
3 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Bandung, Indonesia
4 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Bandung, Indonesia
5 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad), Bandung, Indonesia
doi
10.30476/ijms.2025.108518.4347چکیده
Background: Malaria drug resistance is one of the leading causes of malaria-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alpha-mangostin exhibits antimalarial and antioxidant activity in vitro. The soluble alpha-mangostin chitosan alginate nanoparticles (ACAN) exhibit proper antimalarial activity in vivo. This study aimed to explore the antimalarial activity of the chloroquine-ACAN combination and the interaction between them in various ratios. Methods: A 4-day suppressive test, according to Peter’s test, was conducted using P. berghei-inoculated Swiss Webster mice in Bandung, 2024. It was done for six different concentrations (in triplicate) of three kinds of the combinations respectively i.e.: ½ effective dose 50 (ED50) ACAN:½ED50 chloroquine (ratio-1, ACAN and chloroquine were used in a weight ratio of 189:1), ¼ ED50 ACAN:¾ ED50 chloroquine (ratio-2, weight ratio of 63:1), ¾ ED50 ACAN:¼ ED50 chloroquine (ratio-3, weight ratio of 567:1) to find out growth inhibitory percentage of each concentration. ED50 of each combination was determined using probit analysis in IBM SPSS Statistics 27 software. The sum of fractional effective dose 50 (∑FED50) was determined using a specific formula. ∑FED50 indicates the kind of interaction: <1, >1, or =1 means synergistic, antagonistic, or additive. Results: ED50 of ratio-1 (ACAN/Chloroquine weight ratio 189/1), ratio-2 (weight ratio 63/1), ratio-3 (weight ratio 567/1) is 9.196, 7.626, 82.13 mg/Kg BW (<100 mg/Kg BW). ∑FED50 of ratio-1, ratio-2, and ratio-3 is 0.069, 0.113, and 0.414 (far below 1).Conclusion: ACAN-chloroquine exhibits good and marked synergistic antimalarial activity, especially in a ratio-1. It offers a glimmer of hope for future research to combat and ultimately eliminate malaria.
